Particles

Japanese particles (助詞 or てにをは) don't exist in english, but they are necessary for Japanese grammar. You can not make Japanese sentences without them. This is only a short list of the basic elementary particles. (For beginners, particles are kind of like: and, by, of, or, to, etc.)

romaji	hiragana	details
wo	を	Direct object indicator
ha	は	Topic marker
ga	が	Subject identifier
ni (and) e	に (and) へ	Destination indicator
de	で	Action indicator
no	の	Possession indicator
to	と	Connector
ya	や	List connector
mo	も	Includer
ka	か	Question maker
yo	よ	Empasizer
ne	ね	Terribly overused
na	な	Quasi-adjective indicator

Additional details from wikipedia: Particles follow the same rules of phonetic transcription as all Japanese words, with the exception of は (written ha, pronounced wa), へ (written he, pronounced e) and を (written using a hiragana character with no other use in modern Japanese, originally assigned as wo, now usually pronounced o, though some speakers render it as wo).

More information can be found here.

Jan 01, 2012